CITY OF LOMA LINDA
DRAFT
GENERAL PLAN
May2003
General Plan
City of Loma Linda
Table of Contents i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL PLAN ELEMENTS ........................................................ 1- 1
1.1 COMMUNITY PROFILE ..................................................................................... 1- 3
1.1.1 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE............................................................................. 1- 3
1.1.2 LOMA LINDA TODAY ........................................................................................ 1- 3
1.2 COMMUNITY VISION ........................................................................................ 1- 4
1.2.1 CONTEXT FOR PLANNING LOMA LINDA’S FUTURE ........................................ 1- 4
1.2.2 VISION OF LOMA LINDA’S FUTURE ............................................................... 1- 10
1.3 PURPOSE AND AUTHORITY OF GENERAL PLAN .......................................... 1- 11
1.3.1 STATE GENERAL PLAN REQUIREMENTS ...................................................... 1- 11
1.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF A GENERAL PLAN.................................................... 1- 12
1.5 THE COMPREHENSIVE NATURE OF THE GENERAL PLAN............................ 1- 13
1.5.1 IDENTIFICATION OF ISSUES.......................................................................... 1- 13
1.5.2 MAINTAINING A REGIONAL CONTEXT ........................................................... 1- 14
1.6 GENERAL PLAN CONSISTENCY .................................................................... 1- 14
1.7 GENERAL PLAN FORMAT.............................................................................. 1- 15
1.7.1 GUIDING POLICIES AND IMPLEMENTING POLICIES...................................... 1- 15
2.0 LAND USE .................................................................................................................... 2- 1
2.1 EXISTING LAND USE........................................................................................ 2- 2
2.2 GENERAL PLAN LAND USE CATEGORIES....................................................... 2- 4
2.2.1 RESIDENTIAL LAND USE DESIGNATIONS ....................................................... 2- 6
2.2.2 POLICIES FOR RESIDENTIAL LAND USE ......................................................... 2- 8
2.2.3 EMPLOYMENT GENERATING LAND USE DESIGNATIONS ............................. 2- 10
2.2.4 POLICIES FOR EMPLOYMENT GENERATING LAND USE............................... 2- 12
2.2.5 COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC LAND USE DESIGNATIONS.................................. 2- 14
2.2.6 POLICIES FOR COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC LAND USES ................................. 2- 15
2.2.7 MIXED- USE LAND USE................................................................................... 2- 17
2.3 ESTIMATED POPULATION, HOUSEHOLDS, AND EMPLOYMENT
AT FUTURE BUILD OUT DATE ................................................................... 2- 31
3.0 COMMUNITY DESIGN ELEMENT.................................................................................. 3- 1
3.1 APPROPRIATE DESIGN OF NEW DEVELOPMENT........................................... 3- 2
3.1.1 PEDESTRIAN- ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT....................................................... 3- 2
General Plan
City of Loma Linda
Table of Contents ii
3.1.2 AUTO- ORIENTED COMMERCIAL AND SMALL OFFICE DEVELOPMENT........... 3- 4
3.1.3 “ BIG BOX” DEVELOPMENT............................................................................... 3- 5
3.1.4 HOSPITALITY DEVELOPMENT......................................................................... 3- 6
3.1.5 “ CONVENIENCE” DEVELOPMENT.................................................................... 3- 6
3.1.6 LARGE OFFICE AND BUSINESS PARK DEVELOPMENT................................... 3- 8
3.1.7 INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT...................................................................... 3- 9
3.1.8 INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT......................................................................... 3- 10
3.1.9 RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT....................................................................... 3- 13
3.2 DESIGN OF NEW DEVELOPMENT TO PROMOTE ADAPTIVE REUSE
AND PRESERVATION OF HISTORIC FEATURES....................................... 3- 15
3.2.1. GUIDE POLICY FOR ADAPTIVE REUSE AND PRESERVATION WITH
NEW DEVELOPMENT................................................................................ 3- 15
3.3 STRENGTHENING DESIGN WITHIN THE EXISTING COMMUNITY .................. 3- 16
3.3.1 PLACES TO STRENGTHEN DESIGN............................................................... 3- 16
3.3.2 DESIGN ELEMENTS TO IMPROVE COMMUNITY DESIGN.............................. 3- 20
4.0 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ELEMENT........................................................................ 4- 1
4.1 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND FISCAL CONDITION CONCEPTS................. 4- 1
4.2 LOCAL ECONOMIC PROFILE ........................................................................... 4- 2
4.2.1 JOBS/ HOUSING BALANCE CONCEPTS............................................................ 4- 4
4.2.2 JOBS/ HOUSING BALANCE IN CITY OF LOMA LINDA........................................ 4- 4
4.2.3 ......................................................................................................................... 4.5
4.3 REDEVELOPMENT AND INLAND VALLEY DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES ............ 4- 5
4.4 CITY FISCAL CONDITION ................................................................................. 4- 7
4.5 IDENTIFIED ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES ..................................................... 4- 7
4.6 POLICIES ......................................................................................................... 4- 8
4.6.1 GUIDING POLICIES FOR BUSINESS ATTRACTION AND EXPANSION.............. 4.8
4.6.2 GUIDING POLICY FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LAND ..................... 4.11
4.6.3 GUIDING POLICY FOR MAINTAINING AND IMPROVING FISCAL HEALTH ...... 4- 11
4.7 POLICIES ......................................................................................................... 4- 8
5.0 HOUSING ..................................................................................................................... 5- 1
5.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5- 1
5.1.1 REGIONAL LOCATION...................................................................................... 5.1
5.1.2 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSES OF THE HOUSING ELEMENT....................... 5.1
5.1.3 CITIZEN PARTICIPATION ................................................................................. 5.4
5.1.4 DEFINITION OF TERMS.................................................................................... 5.4
5.1.5 CONSISTENCY WITH OTHER GENERAL PLAN ELEMENTS ............................. 5.6
5.1.6 FORMAT OF THE HOUSING ELEMENT............................................................. 5.6
5.2 PROGRESS REPORT....................................................................................... 5- 2
General Plan
City of Loma Linda
Table of Contents iii
5.2.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5- 6
5.2.2 APPROPRIATENESS AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THE EXISTING
HOUSING ELEMENT’S GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND POLICIES
AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION......................................................................... 5- 7
5.3 HOUSING ......................................................................................................... 5.9
5.3.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5.9
5.3.2 EMPLOYMENT AND POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS................................. 5- 10
5.3.3 HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................. 5- 13
5.3.4 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS ....................................................................... 5- 19
5.3.5 EXISTING HOUSING NEEDS .......................................................................... 5- 20
5.3.6 FUTURE HOUSING NEEDS ............................................................................ 5- 23
5.4 HOUSING RESOURCES AND CONSTRAINTS ................................................ 5.25
5.4.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 5.25
5.4.2 AVAILABILITY OF SITES FOR RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT........................ 5.25
5.4.3 LAND USE CONTROLS................................................................................... 5.29
5.4.4 GOVERNMENTAL FACTORS .......................................................................... 5.33
5.4.5 NON- GOVERNMENTAL FACTORS ................................................................. 5.37
5.4.6 OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENERGY AND WATER CONSERVATION.................... 5.39
5.5 GOALS, QUANITIFED OBJECTIVES, AND POLICIES ...................................... 5.40
5.5.1 REGIONAL LOCATION.................................................................................... 5.40
5.5.2 GOALS, POLICIES, AND IMPLEMENTING PROGRAMS................................... 5.41
7.0 NOISE ELEMENT.......................................................................................................... 7- 1
7.1 NOISE CONCEPTS ........................................................................................... 7- 1
7.2 HUMAN HEALTH NOISE CONSIDERATIONS .................................................... 7- 2
7.3 NOISE STANDARDS......................................................................................... 7- 3
7.4 NOISE SOURCES............................................................................................. 7- 6
7.5 EXISTING NOISE MEASUREMENTS ................................................................. 7- 7
7.6 IDENTIFIED ISSUES ......................................................................................... 7- 9
7.7 NOISE ABATEMENT AND POTENTIAL FUTURE NOISE
CONTOUR TABLE ........................................................................................ 7- 9
7.8 IDENTIFIED ISSUES ....................................................................................... 7- 11
7.8.1 GUIDING POLICY ........................................................................................... 7- 11
8.0 PUBLIC SERVICES AND FACILITIES ELEMENT............................................................ 8- 1
8.1 FIRE PROECTION............................................................................................. 8- 1
8.1.1 IDENTIFIED FIRE PROTECTION ISSUES.......................................................... 8- 2
8.1.2 GUIDING POLICY ............................................................................................. 8- 3
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8.2 POLICE PROTECTION SERVICES .................................................................... 8- 3
8.2.1 IDENTIFIED POLICE PROTECTION ISSUES ..................................................... 8- 4
8.2.2 GUIDING POLICY ............................................................................................. 8- 4
8.3 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES .............................................................................. 8- 5
8.3.1 IDENTIFIED EDUCATIONAL ISSUES ................................................................ 8- 8
8.3.2 GUIDING POLICY ............................................................................................. 8- 8
8.4 LIBRARY SERVICES......................................................................................... 8- 9
8.4.1 KEY LIBRARY SERVICE ISSUES ...................................................................... 8- 9
8.4.2 GUIDING POLICY ........................................................................................... 8- 10
8.5 MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIAL SERVICES......................................... 8- 10
8.5.1 IDENTIFIED MEDICAL AND SOCIAL SERVICES ISSUES ................................ 8- 11
8.5.2 GUIDING POLICY ........................................................................................... 8- 11
8.6 PARKS AND SCHOOL GROUNDS................................................................... 8- 12
8.6.1 FUTURE PARK FACILITIES............................................................................. 8- 12
8.6.2 RECREATION PROGRAMS............................................................................. 8- 12
8.6.3 PARKS STANDARDS, ACQUISITION, AND MAINTENANCE ............................ 8- 12
8.6.4 IDENTIFIED PARK ISSUES ............................................................................. 8- 13
8.6.5 GUIDING POLICY FOR PARKLAND ACQUISITION.......................................... 8- 14
8.6.6 GUIDING POLICY FOR PARK IMPROVEMENT................................................ 8- 15
8.6.7 GUIDING POLICY FOR RECREATION PROGRAMS AND SERVICES .............. 8- 15
8.6.8 GUIDING POLICY FOR PARK MAINTENANCE ................................................ 8- 16
8.7 WATER UTILITIES .......................................................................................... 8- 16
8.7.1 IDENTIFIED WATER OPPORTUNITIES AND ISSUES ...................................... 8- 17
8.7.2 GUIDING POLICY ........................................................................................... 8- 17
8.8 WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT...................................................................... 8- 18
8.8.1 IDENTIFIED WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND
OPPORTUNITIES....................................................................................... 8- 18
8.8.2 GUIDING POLICY ........................................................................................... 8- 18
8.9 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT....................................................................... 8- 19
8.9.1 IDENTIFIED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND
OPPORTUNITIES....................................................................................... 8- 19
8.9.2 GUIDING POLICY ........................................................................................... 8- 19
8.10 UTILITIES AND CABLE TELEVISION............................................................... 8- 20
8.10.1 ELECTRICITY ................................................................................................. 8- 20
8.10.2 GAS................................................................................................................ 8- 20
8.10.3 TELECOMMUNICATION.................................................................................. 8- 20
8.10.4 CABLE TELEVISION ....................................................................................... 8- 20
8.10.5 IDENTIFIED UTILITY ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES...................................... 8- 21
8.10.6 GUIDING POLICY ........................................................................................... 8- 21
9.0 CONSERVATION AND OPEN SPACE ELEMENT........................................................... 9- 1
9.1 PURPOSE......................................................................................................... 9.1
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City of Loma Linda
Table of Contents v
9.2 NATURAL AND VISUAL OPEN SPACE RESOURCES........................................ 9- 2
9.2.1 NATURAL OPEN SPACE................................................................................... 9- 2
9.2.2 AGRICULTURAL LANDS ................................................................................... 9- 2
9.2.3 PARKS AND OPEN SPACE ............................................................................... 9- 2
9.2.4 PUBLIC FACILITIES .......................................................................................... 9- 4
9.2.5 UTILITY/ DRAINAGE EASEMENTS..................................................................... 9- 4
9.2.6 HAZARD SETBACKS ........................................................................................ 9- 6
9.2.7 HILLSIDE CONSERVATION AREA .................................................................... 9- 6
9.2.8 IDENTIFIED VISUAL AND NATURAL OPEN SPACE ISSUES ............................. 9- 6
9.2.9 POLICIES ......................................................................................................... 9- 7
9.3 AIR QUALITY .................................................................................................... 9- 8
9.3.1 CLIMATE .......................................................................................................... 9- 8
9.3.2 EXISTING AIR QUALITY.................................................................................... 9- 9
9.3.3 EXISTING AIR POLLUTION SOURCES............................................................ 9- 10
9.3.4 SENSITIVE RECEPTORS................................................................................ 9- 10
9.3.5 IDENTIFIED AIR QUALITY ISSUES ................................................................. 9- 10
9.3.6 GUIDING POLICIES ........................................................................................ 9- 10
9.4 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES............................................................................. 9- 11
9.4.1 LAND USES/ VEGETATION.............................................................................. 9- 11
9.4.2 SPECIAL INTEREST SPECIES AND HABITATS ............................................... 9- 13
9.4.3 IDENTIFIED BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES LIST................................................. 9- 14
9.4.4 POLICIES ....................................................................................................... 9- 16
9.5 AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES....................................................................... 9- 16
9.5.1 IDENTIFIED AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES ISSUES
AND OPPORTUNITIES............................................................................... 9- 17
9.5.2 GUIDING POLICY ........................................................................................... 9- 17
9.6 WATER RESOURCES..................................................................................... 9- 17
9.6.1 IDENTIFIED WATER RESOURCES ISSUES .................................................... 9- 18
9.6.2 GUIDING POLICY ........................................................................................... 9- 18
9.7 CULTURAL RESOURCES............................................................................... 9- 18
9.7.1 PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES................................................................ 9- 18
9.7.2 HISTORICAL RESOURCES............................................................................. 9- 19
9.7.3 POTENTIAL HISTORICAL DISTRICTS ............................................................. 9- 19
9.7.4 IDENTIFIED CULTURAL RESOURCES ISSUES............................................... 9- 21
9.7.5 GUIDING POLICIES ........................................................................................ 9- 21
10.0 PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT.................................................................. 10- 1
10.1 GEOTECHNICAL HAZARDS............................................................................ 10- 1
10.2 FLOODING HAZARDS..................................................................................... 10- 5
10.2.1 FLOOD CONTROL FEATURES ....................................................................... 10- 8
10.2.2 IDENTIFIED FLOODING HAZARD ISSUES ...................................................... 10- 8
10.2.3 GUIDING POLICY ........................................................................................... 10- 8
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City of Loma Linda
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10.3 SLOPE FAILURE HAZARDS ............................................................................ 10- 9
10.3.1 IDENTIFIED SLOPE FAILURE HAZARD ISSUES ............................................. 10- 9
10.3.2 GUIDING POLICY ........................................................................................... 10- 9
10.4 FIRE HAZARDS ............................................................................................ 10- 10
10.4.1 IDENTIFIED FIRE HAZARD ISSUES.............................................................. 10- 10
10.4.2 GUIDING POLICY ......................................................................................... 10- 12
10.5 HAZARDOUS WASTE AND MATERIALS ....................................................... 10- 12
10.5.1 IDENTIFIED HAZARDOUS WASTE AND MATERIALS ISSUES....................... 10- 13
10.5.2 GUIDING POLICY ......................................................................................... 10- 13
10.6 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS................................................................... 10- 14
10.6.1 IDENTIFIED EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS ISSUES .................................. 10- 14
10.6.2 GUIDING POLICY ......................................................................................... 10- 15
General Plan
City of Loma Linda
Table of Contents vii
FIGURES AND TABLES
FIGURES PAGE
Figure 1- 1 Regional and Planning Area Location Map .......................................................... 1- 1
Figure 2- 1 General Plan Land Use Map............................................................................... 2- 5
Figure 2- 2 Map of Mixed- Use Areas .................................................................................. 2- 18
Figure 3- 1 Design Descriptions ......................................................................................... 3- 11
Figure 3- 2 Design Improvements ...................................................................................... 3- 17
Figure 3- 3 Design Options ................................................................................................ 3- 22
Figure 4- 1 Redevelopment and IVAD Map........................................................................... 4- 6
Figure 5- 1 Regional and Planning Area Location Map .......................................................... 5- 2
Figure 7- 1 Future Noise Contour Table.............................................................................. 7- 10
Figure 9- 1 Open Space Map............................................................................................... 9- 3
Figure 9- 2 Riding and Hiking Trails System ......................................................................... 9- 5
Figure 9- 3 Land Use and Vegetation................................................................................. 9- 12
Figure 9- 4 Critical Habitat ................................................................................................. 9- 15
Figure 10- 1 Seismic Hazard Map ........................................................................................ 10- 4
Figure 10- 2 Flood Hazards Map.......................................................................................... 10- 7
Figure 10- 3 Urban Wildland Interface Map......................................................................... 10- 11
TABLES
Table 1. A Organization of General Plan Elements and Required State Elements ................ 1- 15
Table 2. A Planning Area – Existing Land Uses.................................................................... 2- 2
Table 2. B City’s Projection of Population, Households, and Employment at
Build Out of General Plan ( Within City Limits Only)........................................ 2- 31
Table 2. C General Plan Build Out Land Uses ( Acres), Housing, and Employment ............... 2- 31
Table 4. A Major Employers in Loma Linda.......................................................................... 4- 2
Table 4. B Loma Linda Residents Top Five Employment Industries ....................................... 4.3
Table 4. C Five- County Employment Forecast by Industry .................................................... 4.3
Table 4. D SANBAG Jobs/ Housing Balance Projections ....................................................... 4.4
Table 5. A City of Loma Linda Population, 1990, 2000, and 2002 ........................................ 5- 10
Table 5. B City of Loma Linda Projected Population, 200 – 2025......................................... 5- 11
Table 5. C City of Loma Linda Age Distribution 2000 .......................................................... 5- 12
General Plan
City of Loma Linda
Table of Contents viii
Table 5. D City of Loma Linda Ethnicity, 1990, 2000........................................................... 5- 12
Table 5. E Comparison of City of Loma Linda and San Bernardino County
Household Income, 1999............................................................................. 5- 14
Table 5. F Housing Tenure............................................................................................... 5- 14
Table 5. G Overcrowding by Housing Tenure and Income, Loma Linda, 1999 ...................... 5- 15
Table 5. H Persons with Disabilities – 2000........................................................................ 5- 15
Table 5. I Household Size by Housing Tenure, 2000 ......................................................... 5- 16
Table 5. J Homeless Services in the Loma Linda Area....................................................... 5- 17
Table 5. K San Bernardino County Public Housing Projects Within Loma Linda.................... 5- 18
Table 5. L Composition of the Housing Stock, 2000 ........................................................... 5- 19
Table 5. M Housing Conditions .......................................................................................... 5- 19
Table 5. N San Bernardino County Median Income and Income Limits by Household Size.... 5- 20
Table 5. O Household Income Groupings........................................................................... 5- 21
Table 5. P Maximum Affordable Monthly Housing Payment by Household Size.................... 5- 22
Table 5. Q Housing Affordability in San Bernardino County for a Household of Four............. 5- 22
Table 5. R Housing Overpayment...................................................................................... 5.23
Table 5. S Housing Needs by Income Category, 1998- 2005................................................ 5- 24
Table 5. T Remaining New Housing Construction Needs as of 6/ 1/ 2002.............................. 5- 25
Table 5. U Residential Development Potential of Vacant Lands within City Limits................. 5- 27
Table 5. V Anticipated Distribution of Housing Affordability by Residential Density ............... 5- 28
Table 5. W Distribution of Available Development Capacity within the City of Loma Linda...... 5- 28
Table 5. X Zoning District Development Standards ............................................................. 5- 31
Table 5. Y Residential Off- Street Parking Standards........................................................... 5- 31
Table 5. Z Development Impact Fee Applicability for Residential Projects............................ 5- 35
Table 5. AA Residential Development Impact Fees .............................................................. 5- 35
Table 5. AB Comparison of Planning Fees ........................................................................... 5- 36
Table 5. AC Quantified Objectives 1998- 2005 ...................................................................... 5- 41
Table 7. A Common Sound Levels and Their Noise Sources ................................................ 7- 3
Table 7. B California Office of Noise Control Land Use Compatibility Matrix
for Community Noise Exposure ...................................................................... 7- 4
Table 7. C City of Loma Linda Noise Level Standards........................................................... 7- 5
Table 7. D Ambient Noise Monitoring August 29, 2001 ......................................................... 7- 7
Table 8. A Loma Linda Fire and Rescue Division Equipment................................................. 8- 2
Table 8. B City of Loma Linda Crime Statistics .................................................................... 8- 4
Table 8. C Redlands Unified School District Enrollment ........................................................ 8- 6
Table 8. D Colton Joint Unified School District Enrollment ..................................................... 8- 7
Table 8. E Loma Linda Academy Enrollment........................................................................ 8- 7
Table 8. F Existing Parks ................................................................................................. 8- 13
Table 9. A Mission District Resources................................................................................ 9- 20
Table 9. B Bryn Mawr Historic Properties........................................................................... 9- 21
Table 10. A Major Active Faults Affecting the Planning Area................................................. 10- 2
Loma Linda General Plan
Introduction
Chapter 1.0 Introduction 1- 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL PLAN ELEMENTS
The Loma Linda General Plan encompasses a comprehensive strategy for managing the
community’s future. The Loma Linda General Plan is the community’s statement of what is in its
interest, and is the City’s most important statement regarding its ultimate physical, economic, and
cultural development over the next 25 years. The General Plan is a legally binding policy document
to be used by City officials, the development community, citizens, and others to guide decisions
regarding the future development and management of human, land, and natural resources.
The General Plan functions as a guide to the type of community Loma Linda desires for its future, and
provides the means by which that desired future will be obtained. The General Plan expresses, in the
form of text, maps, and illustrations, the organization of physical, environmental protection, economic,
and social activities sought by the community in order to create and maintain a healthful, functional,
and desirable place in which to live and work.
The City of Loma Linda is located within western San Bernardino County approximately 60 miles east
of the City of Los Angeles, California. The City was incorporated in 1970. Jurisdictions that border
the City of Loma Linda include: the Cities of Redlands and San Bernardino to the north; the City of
Redlands and unincorporated San Bernardino County to the east; unincorporated Riverside and San
Bernardino Counties to the south; and unincorporated San Bernardino County and the Cities of
Colton and San Bernardino to the west ( Figure 1.1).
In order to address the issues that may affect or be affected by areas outside of Loma Linda’s
existing city limits, a comprehensive General Plan Study Area has been established. This planning
area encompasses the current city limits, as well as the current sphere of influence ( Figure 1.1). The
total Planning Area covers approximately 9.45 square miles. Of this area, 8 square miles are
currently within the City limits. This Planning Area boundary is intended to recognize the
interrelationships between land use and other issues affecting the City of Loma Linda and
surrounding lands. The January 2001 population of the City of Loma Linda was 19,418.
N
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Figure1.1
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Loma Linda General Plan
Introduction
Chapter 1.0 Introduction 1- 3
1.1 COMMUNITY PROFILE
1.1.1 Historical Perspective
In the late 1800s the railroad companies encouraged development of tourist hotels along their lines.
Loma Linda began as one such development known as Mound City. The community was originally
established in 1876, but by the early 1880s, the property had been acquired by the Mound City Land
and Water Company. The company built a water pipeline running northwest from the Scott Canyon
Drainage to the site of platted community
cottages, shops, and the $ 30,000 Mound City
Hotel. The intended residential development
project ultimately failed. In the late 1890s, a
group of Los Angeles businessmen and
physicians purchased the hotel and reopened it
as a health resort and convalescent hospital-resort
( then called “ Sanitariums”) called Loma
Linda ( Spanish for “ pretty hill.”), and promoted it
as “ The Switzerland of America - where health
and pleasure are twins.” 1 This venture also
failed, and the Loma Linda Hotel closed again in
1904 ( and was nicknamed “ Lonely Linda”). In
1905, the Seventh- day Adventist Church
purchased the former resort property, re- opened
the sanitarium and established a nursing school.
A “ College of Medical Evangelists” was opened
in 1909, which became Loma Linda University in
1961. The Loma Linda Hotel was used as a university building until 1967, when it was demolished.
The College developed into a leading regional medical center, and the town grew as a college
community. Orchards were an important aspect of the economic base into the 1920s and remain part
of the character of Loma Linda. By the 1940s, the community had matured into a developed suburb
of San Bernardino. Loma Linda was incorporated as a city in 1970.
1.1.2 Loma Linda Today
Today, Loma Linda is a unique community with
strong ties to its religious, educational and
healing arts roots. The Loma Linda University
Medical Center ( LLUMC) and the Jerry L. Pettis
Memorial Veterans Medical Center ( VA Medical
Center) are both internationally known. The City
is also home to Loma Linda University, which,
with the VA Medical Center and LLUMC,
provides much of the economic base of the
community. The City is seeking to expand upon
this economic base with medical support
services, research facilities, professional offices,
and lodging accommodations. Already, major
developments such as General America’s
corporate center, the Arbors Business Park,
Loma Linda Plaza, and Mountain View Plaza
1 Shipp, James. 2000. “ How Big Were Their Footprints? A Study of Loma Linda History.” San Bernardino
Museum web site http:// rims. k12. ca. us/ foot_ prints/.
City of Loma Linda, incorporated in 1970
Internationally known Veterans Medical Center
Loma Linda General Plan
Introduction
Chapter 1.0 Introduction 1- 4
have brought diversified business opportunities. In addition to increasing commercial and industrial
opportunities, Loma Linda is in the process of managing residential growth to provide an appropriate
range of housing opportunities, including executive housing, traditional single- family neighborhoods,
and affordable housing for very low and low- income households and senior housing.
1.2 COMMUNITY VISION
1.2.1 Context for Planning Loma Linda’s Future
Planning for Loma Linda’s future requires more than merely projecting existing conditions into the
future. The Loma Linda General Plan is based on the premise that achieving the community’s vision
involves planning for and managing not only growth, but also changes in the ways that the community
functions. Existing and foreseeable social, technological, and economic trends will change the way
residents live their lives and define “ quality of life.” The General Plan provides a context for managing
Loma Linda’s future within a society that may be very different from today. Several trends that may
contribute to that different society include the following:
· A Growing Statewide Population.
Population increases will continue within California as a result of natural increases. Areas such
as Loma Linda and San Bernardino County will continue to grow. Over the next 20 years, San
Bernardino County will continue to be among the fastest- growing regions in the State. A growing
statewide population will result in an ongoing demand for new housing and employment
opportunities. This growth will be greatest in households without children, either seniors, older
adults, or young adults without children.
Key demographic groups of the State’s population are expected to change. By 2025, the overall
population of the State will grow 30 percent; however, the number of people under 18 is projected
to grow 37 percent. The share of persons between 55 and 64 years of age will increase 58
percent, and the number of residents over 65 will increase 51 percent. In addition, the Hispanic
population is expected to grow by 66 percent, reaching between 41 and 47 percent of the total
State population, resulting from both domestic births and immigration. Forecasters agree on
several points:
§ Out- migration to other states will continue to roughly equal migration from other states to
California.
§ International migration will continue to contribute to the State’s growth.
§ The largest source of growth will be from natural increases ( births exceeding deaths).
The impacts of immigration are especially notable because the number of immigrants anticipated
over the next 20 years is greater than the peak of the great immigration wave at the turn of the
20th century. In addition, two- thirds of immigration into the U. S. will be concentrated in California,
New York, Texas, and Florida. Immigrants bring a diverse set of skills and attitudes. In the
workplace, they expand the labor pool at both the upper and lower ends. Proportionately, the
greater share of immigrants will labor in either unskilled positions and have less than a high
school degree, or will have graduate school training and specialized technical skills.
The composition of the typical household in California will also change over the next 25 years.
The households with the most dynamic growth rates are projected to be married couples without
children, either baby boomers whose children have grown up or younger people without children,
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and non- family households, both the elderly and the very young living on their own or with friends.
Within Loma Linda, growth can be expected to include young married couples without children,
older retirement couples, and student non- family households.
· An Evolving Housing Market.
As lower and middle- income households continue to be priced out of the California housing
market, and the senior population grows, housing demand will change. The demand for new
housing will encompass an increasing need for upper- end housing, dwelling units suitable for
active and semi- active seniors, and lower- cost housing, which includes small lot single- family and
multifamily developments.
Housing affordability will continue to be a serious problem in California. By some estimates,
today only 35 percent of households can afford to own the “ median” priced house in the
communities in which they work. Households have responded to this price squeeze by trading a
long commute to work, by shifting to a less costly housing type, or by choosing a smaller dwelling
unit or single- family lot than they might otherwise prefer. Their choice is a balance between cost
of housing, time, and the psychological cost of using existing transportation. Thus, forecasters
have noted that the future will bring intensification of the trend of telecommuting or working
flexible hours in order to live in a single- family home. Suburban employment will grow, allowing
people to work close to home or travel shorter distances on less congested routes. The present
trend of larger homes on smaller lots will also continue as homebuyers sacrifice lot size as a
means of reducing the cost of housing.
Current and future housing shortfalls will affect renters the most. As a result of dwindling land
inventories, increased housing costs, a decreasing willingness on the part of workers to commute
long distances on congested highways to work, and changing demographics ( increasing number
of senior and young adults), multifamily housing ( both for sale and rental) will gain new popularity.
Multifamily housing will be increasingly seen by many households as a long- term housing choice,
and not just a temporary situation until the household can afford a single- family dwelling. This
long- term choice will likely be manifested in an increasing popularity in townhouse and
condominium development. It can also be expected that there will be an increase in the quality of
apartment developments as the median income of apartment dwellers increases, and as
competition grows among apartment projects.
In reaction to the spread of single- family suburbs, long commutes, and loss of open space, there
is also a growing demand for extension of transit services, which will continue into the future. As
a result, “ transit- oriented development” ( high- density clusters of mixed- use residential,
commercial, and office development centered on regional transit stops and local transit hubs) will
gain popularity in the marketplace. Higher density development is likely to gain acceptance at
strategic locations where such development can support community objectives such as provision
of senior housing and congestion relief through alternative modes of transportation. Also, mixed-use
developments will become more prevalent as a strategy to address concerns about municipal
costs and revenues. A well- chosen mix of commercial and residential uses creates convenience
by providing accessible services, retail, and jobs. Within Loma Linda, such transit- oriented
development can be expected to occur adjacent to Loma Linda University and within the eastern
portion of the City, and will include the establishment of new transit hubs.
· Technological Advances and a Changing Economy.
Changes in technology and in the economy have significantly altered patterns of employment
over the last 20 years, and will continue to do so over the next 20 years. Demand for land for
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traditional industrial development will decrease, while demand for land for service commercial,
office, and transportation- related development will grow. Among all industries, services are, and
will continue to be, the fastest- growing sector. By 2008, services are expected to account for one
in three jobs in the State. Employment within the diverse services sector will not be uniform.
Forecasters project that jobs at both the low end and at the high end of the pay scale will increase
at the fastest rates. For example, lower paying jobs with projected high growth rates include retail
cashiers and salespersons, janitorial or office maintenance, and landscape services. Higher
paying jobs with the similar projected high growth rates are top business- to- business sales
executives, computer programmers, and systems analysts or consultants.
Among various service industries, health services and business services are the two biggest
employers in California. While health services increased by 50.5 percent during 1983- 1999,
business services employment increased 135.05 percent. It is projected that business services
will continue its growth leadership through 2020, and will account for 40 percent of all job growth
in the services sector1. This growth is followed by health services, engineering, and management
sectors. These three employment sectors are expected to account for over 70 percent of all job
growth in California over the next two decades. Loma Linda is uniquely positioned to capture
new employment in health services and related fields. Much of future employment growth will not
only occur in central cities, but also in the outlying regional sub- centers.
It is not anticipated that full- time telecommuting will become a significant part of a company’s
future permanent workforce; however, telecommuting will grow as an answer to long commutes
forced by the regional imbalance between jobs and housing. As part of the trade- off for these
long commutes, workers will increasingly seek to be able to work at home one or two days a
week. Technological advances will also likely result in a growing “ freelance” workforce
( independent contractors who will work from their homes). Together, this type of telecommuting
will work to reduce peak traffic congestion, and to spread traffic more evenly over the day. The
increasing globalization of business, and the freedom afforded by future technologies will likely
also mean that office- based employment will not be limited to 8 a. m. to 5 p. m. It can be
anticipated that a growing number of businesses and workers will maintain non- traditional hours,
further reducing peak congestion and spreading out traffic over an entire day.
· Regional Imbalance of Jobs and Housing.
San Bernardino County is projected to see its employment sector grow at a faster rate than its
residential sector through 2020. Because of the developed nature of Southern California,
businesses will be forced to begin locating in what are now considered to be outlying areas, such
as western San Bernardino County. San Bernardino County and area cities are pursuing
aggressive economic development programs aimed at expanding local employment
opportunities. Ultimately, the valley portion of San Bernardino County will achieve a local balance
between jobs and housing. Several factors will assist in this effort, including an abundance of
relatively inexpensive land, a highly trained local labor force, and quality housing in the Loma
Linda area. Increasing congestion, rising land costs and lease rates, and an increasing desire on
the part of workers to live within an easy commute of their places of employment will also help the
valley portion of San Bernardino County to achieve a balance between the area’s local
employment base and its housing stock2. Although more of a regional balance will be achieved,
1 “ Business services” entails any service needed to help maintain or run a business. This includes but is not
limited to, computer services, copier/ fax machine services, furniture or office supply services, personnel
services, and accounting services.
2 A large and growing employment sector in the Loma Linda area will drive up local housing demand. Thus,
having a local job will be a primary reason for households moving into Loma Linda.
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Loma Linda will continue to be a net “ importer” of labor, and have a greater number of local jobs
than residents in the workforce.
Although Loma Linda will contribute to achieving a balance between jobs and housing within
western San Bernardino County in the future, this will not, in itself necessarily solve the problems
of regional jobs- housing imbalance, long commutes, and resulting congestion. These problems
will continue if ( 1) areas such the valley portion of San Bernardino County and western Riverside
County achieve a balance between jobs and housing over the next 20 years, and ( 2) employment
centers such as Orange County and the San Gabriel Valley continue to expand their employment
sectors faster than their residential sectors. The logical result of such expansion will be to
exacerbate existing local labor shortages in those areas, and accelerate expansion of residential
communities in the desert portion of San Bernardino County and the San Gorgonio Pass area of
Riverside County.
· Increasing Personal and Household Travel.
The profound changes in personal and household travel that have occurred over the past two
decades will continue over the next 20 years. Work- related travel, which fell from 36 to 18
percent of all trips nationally will continue to drop as a percentage of all trips. Thus, non- work
travel, which increased from 64 to 82 percent of all trips nationally, will continue to grow.
Increasingly, consumer shopping and entertainment- oriented lifestyles are important factors in
this change. Consumer trips, which grew from 29 to 44 percent of all vehicle trips nationally, will
continue to grow, as will trips for entertainment activities. This trend indicates a fundamental shift
in choice priorities for lower- income households, implying a change in lifestyle choice as well.
This trend is unlikely to change in the future, especially because of the tremendous amount and
variety of entertainment activities in Southern California.
Auto use has grown dramatically over the past two decades, and will continue to grow. This
growth reflects increasing numbers of drivers licenses for both genders, a willingness on the part
of seniors to continue to drive well into old age, the ease of auto availability, and the location of
activities in suburbs in places that depend on a car for access. With the demographic growth of
people over the age of 55, who have spent most of their lives in auto- oriented communities, it is
likely that seniors will continue to travel by car more than earlier generations.
Changes in employment characteristics in the future will also affect transportation patterns. With
jobs increasingly being located in the service sector, work hours will become more flexible. Thus,
the percentage of total traffic that occurs during the peak morning and afternoon “ rush hour” will
decrease as a percentage of total daily traffic. Increasing automobile travel by seniors and non-work-
related travel will also increase non- peak hour and weekend traffic volumes.
Employment within traditional employment areas is expanding into suburban residential
communities. As this trend continues and existing bedroom communities work toward achieving
a balance between jobs and housing, more people will be commuting from suburb- to- suburb.
“ Reverse commutes” ( home- to- work travel in the direction opposite the typical direction of peak
hour flow) will thus increase, expanding the capacity of existing highway systems. Also,
telecommuting has the potential to reduce highway usage and resulting traffic congestion.
Although much talked about, less than 5 percent of the State’s workforce regularly telecommutes,
and only 15 percent telecommute several times a month, according to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. As a generation of workers emerges who were raised in a computer- oriented
environment, and wireless technologies become more prevalent and reliable, it is likely that
telecommuting will increase in popularity. While the percentage of the workforce that
telecommutes on a regular basis is not likely to grow to a significant portion of the workforce, a
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substantial increase in the number of office- based employees who telecommute several times
each month is reasonable to anticipate.
All of these trends equate to a less concentrated pattern of home- to- work trips, both in terms of
directional flow and times of day. Peak travel hours will spread out over longer periods of time,
and into the weekend, as will the geographical extent of heavily traveled corridors. While a less
concentrated pattern of home- to- work trips will increase the efficiency of existing roadways and
highways, a dispersed pattern of home- to- work trips may make expanding large, fixed route
transit systems into emerging employment centers and residential communities more difficult to
support.
New technologies also need to be taken into account. It is anticipated that “ Intelligent
Transportation Systems” will begin to be implemented over the next 20 years, including
automated highway systems, anti- congestion systems ( real- time traffic control), expanded traffic
signal timing coordination, and onboard diagnostics and logistics systems in automobiles. Also,
monitoring and information systems will increasingly enable travelers to select routes to avoid
congestion, reducing the extent of congestion in the process. These technologies will allow more
people to travel through urban areas, where adding new roads or rail lines is not possible, without
increasing delays.
· Increasing Acceptance of Public Transit.
The continued growth of automobile congestion has induced suburban commuters to look for
alternatives. Over the next 20 years, there will be an increasing willingness to use public transit
as the convenience of transit reaches parity with automobile travel during peak commute hours.
Expanded use of transit will also rely on and facilitate the development of “ transit- oriented”
development nodes, including housing, retail, and employment opportunities in a high- density,
mixed- use arrangement. By providing a compact, mixed- use form of development, facilitating
pedestrian and bicycle travel internally within the node, and providing ready access to commuter
transit centers, vehicular travel within the transit- oriented development area can be minimized,
while the number and distance of long vehicular commutes can be reduced.
· Changes in Shopping and the New Consumer.
Socioeconomic and technological changes have created a new consumer, who will continue to
evolve and grow in the future. This new consumer has a relatively advanced level of education,
substantial discretion in spending decisions, and experience with information technologies. The
result will be an increasing demand for upscale retail and commercial services within Loma Linda
and San Bernardino County. This demand will be met through the development of new
commercial centers, as well as the redesign and redevelopment of existing facilities.
An increasingly large percentage of U. S. adults will have at least one year of a college education,
and household incomes will increase in Loma Linda and western San Bernardino County faster
than the national average. Households with college- educated adults and those who earn over
$ 50,000 tend to make spending decisions across budgetary categories, weighing one type of
expenditure against another. This will involve information gathering of several alternatives, as
well as the consequences. In the future, new consumers will use information technology to a far
greater degree to help make spending decisions, and will gain more control in purchasing wanted
products and services. More control includes customization of products and services, more
ability to choose the low- cost provider, more shopping efficiency, and being more informed about
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options in general. Overall, it means that shopping for non- convenience goods will not
necessarily be done in proximity to place of residence or place of employment.
Given the trends of dual- income and single- parent families, some shoppers will have less time to
shop, but will have more money to spend ( Richer- Faster shoppers). Others ( including the
growing number of retired and lower- to middle- income families) will have more time, but probably
less money to spend on shopping ( Frugal- Entertainment shoppers). The former group will tend to
seek speed and convenience in the form of “ drive- through everything,” and total service with a
reduced focus on product price. This group will tend to research its options from home, or will go
to specific stores or centers it knows will meet its needs. The latter group will tend to seek the
traditional best buy and an entertaining and comfortable shopping experience to pass the time.
This group will tend to spend more time comparison- shopping between stores and centers.
The design of shopping facilities can be expected to evolve to meet the needs of these groups.
The Richer- Faster shopper will tend to look for smaller, unique, and specialized stores designed
to service the shopper on the go. This will likely involve evolution of the traditional mom- and- pop
store, meeting the customization, customer service, and priorities of the Richer- Faster shopper.
Also, department stores offering excellent service and quality will be in greater demand. The goal
of the Richer- Faster shopper will be to save time while purchasing quality products. Services
may include timesaving benefits such as product selection, gift- wrapping, and delivery. Customer
service will become the most expensive value option of the future. Retailers will also aim to a
greater degree to create an entertainment or leisure experience for shoppers. Thus, stores such
as Barnes and Noble and Borders, which combine a small café within the retail store, are likely to
become more common.
The Frugal- Entertainment shopper, whose primary goal is to save money, will likely continue to
seek bargains in large warehouse structures and value- oriented shopping malls. “ Big Box” retail
stores in excess of 125,000 square feet will likely become even more common over the next 20
years. This type of shopping facility has been made popular by such home improvement centers
as Lowe’s and Home Depot, as well as by electronic stores such as Best Buy. In response,
smaller stores will tend to focus on specialty market niches, and cater to Richer- Faster shoppers
by providing specialized merchandise and better service than can be provided by the large
chains.
· Parks and Recreation.
Social changes, including an increasing number of time- pressed two- income family and one-parent
households, the fitness boom and social contacts offered by gyms and organized sports,
and the growth of women’s sports will lead to a growing demand for a more active, regimented,
and ultimately costly vision of outdoor leisure. Along with the traditional concept of parks for
picnicking, passive relaxation, and informal play, public recreation in the future will also include
developed facilities, such as ball fields and courts for active team sports, and delineated trails for
people to inline skate, bicycle, hike, and jog. Formal children’s organized sports activities will
remain strong, and place a great demand on daytime and nighttime use of indoor and outdoor
park facilities. In addition, there will be a growing demand for facilities for organized adult
recreation, expanding from softball fields to fields for flag football, soccer, and various types of
sports courts. In the future, demand for recreation facilities will likely expand to encompass
activities such as mountain biking, kayaking, and guided nature walks. To provide for such
changes, neighborhood and community park facilities in the future may need to focus on larger
facilities with areas for active, organized sports, and specialized recreational facilities, in addition
to smaller, traditional parks.
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Another clear trend that will continue into the future is an increasingly private, commercial nature
of recreation. Instead of being subsidized and managed solely by local governmental agencies,
recreation activities ( everything from golf courses and marinas to inline skating parks, rock
climbing, softball, horseback riding, and tennis) may be provided by private enterprise, as
residents become more willing to pay for their leisure activities. Demand for recreational trails will
also increase over time, as activities such as mountain biking, rollerblading, and jogging continue
to expand in popularity. This will require trail connections to destinations within the community
such as schools, parks, and shopping and entertainment areas.
1.2.2 Vision of Loma Linda’s Future
The City of Loma Linda held several Strategic Visioning Meetings during the year 2000. The
members of the Strategic Visioning Team included elected, appointed, and designated members from
the general public. From these meetings, the following vision of future Loma Linda was derived.
In the year 2025, Loma Linda will continue to be a small, friendly, beautiful community with natural
assets, unique economy, and healthy lifestyle. The City will still be a university town where
education, health, and recreation are important. The community will have avoided urban density and
continued as a small community, with a pedestrian- friendly orientation. The City will have diverse
housing opportunities where the natural environment is protected and enhanced to enrich the body,
mind, and human spirit; where ethnic diversity and religious orientations are celebrated; and where
citizens play an active role in government. Many of the fine historic buildings and natural resources
will have been preserved and restored, creating an elegant, historic quality to the community.
The City will have a balanced economy that meets the needs of the community and is a great place to
do business. High- tech industries have been attracted to the City and have created a diverse mix of
high paying job opportunities to raise the City’s standard of living and complement LLUMC. Retail
stores, which include a rich mix of local and visitor attractions, are integrated into the community’s
design and fit the scale and character of existing buildings to maintain a small town character and to
preserve historic buildings.
Loma Linda will have upgraded its infrastructure systems providing new and improved services and
facilities consistent with development policies that protect the hillsides and open space resources.
Transportation corridors have been improved and traffic has been diverted away from neighborhoods
maintaining the pedestrian- friendly quality of the community. The community’s streets are improved
and maintained on a regular basis. New trees are growing throughout the neighborhoods providing
beautiful shaded, pedestrian- friendly streets with bike trails. New lighting throughout the City
improves the feeling of safety for local residents, and encourages evening strolls and visiting among
neighbors.
A new multi- use cultural performing arts and small conference center will be completed for theater,
movies, ballet, concerts, and community use, providing for a diverse range of activities for all
residents and visitors. Ethnic groups are fully integrated into all facets of the community and help to
create a rich diversity of cultural activities, retail stores, and services. Community events involve all
members of the community. Human services and programs like youth day camps and senior daycare
are provided by the County and local community- based organizations to improve the quality of life
and well being for all residents.
A new sports complex has been completed providing the community with recreational activities for all
age groups. Neighborhood parks and recreational facilities have been created throughout the
community. Improvements to the “ multiple centers” include mixed- use activities for commercial,
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recreational, cultural, and educational activities for local residents, seniors, youth, and visitors. The
San Timoteo Creek has been improved for recreational uses, including a trail for exercise, bicycling,
walking and running. A golf course, clubhouse, and hotel/ conference center has been created and
constructed by private enterprise.
Local government is cooperative, open, and responsive to identified community needs and actively
seeks and encourages community input in planning and decision- making. Specific plans have been
prepared and implemented for Redlands Boulevard and Barton Road Corridors to enable high- quality
development/ redevelopment and provide for well- defined entry statements to the community.
Development guidelines that protect the hillsides and open space resources have been created.
Reasonable, responsible and environmentally sound design review guidelines, development
standards, and project review processes have been adopted to guide new development consistent
with the community’s local character and scale. There are adequate police and fire department
personnel to maintain the community’s safety. The quality of the schools has been improved; a
middle school and high school have been built, and continuing education and training opportunities
are provided for young adults and the elderly.
Loma Linda will continue to be a safe, unique community in which to both live and work. People,
natural assets, a unique economy and a strong health foundation will provide a beautiful City for
generations of all ages to enjoy.
1.3 PURPOSE AND AUTHORITY OF THE GENERAL PLAN
1.3.1 State General Plan Requirements
State law ( Government Code 65302, et seq.) requires that every California city and county prepare
and adopt a “ comprehensive, long- term general plan for the physical development of the county or
city, and of any land outside its boundaries which in the planning agency’s judgment bears relation to
its planning.” According to State guidelines for the preparation of general plans, the role of the
General Plan is to establish a document that will “... act as a ‘ constitution’ for development, the
foundation upon which all land use decisions are to be based. It expresses community development
goals and embodies public policy relative to the distribution of future land use, both public and
private.”
As further mandated by the State, the General Plan must serve to:
· Identify land use, circulation, environmental, economic, and social goals and policies
for the City and its surrounding planning area as they relate to land use and
development;
· Provide a framework within which the City’s Planning Commission and City Council can
make land use decisions;
· Provide citizens the opportunity to participate in the planning and decision- making
process affecting the City and its surrounding planning area; and
· Inform citizens, developers, decision- makers, and other agencies, as appropriate, of
the City’s basic rules that will guide both environmental protection and land
development decisions within the City and surrounding planning area.
State law requires that the General Plan include seven mandatory elements, but allows flexibility in
how each local jurisdiction structures these elements.
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In addition, the Loma Linda General Plan includes discussion and resolution of issues related to three
issues beyond those required by State law. State law
does not mandate discussion of these issues;
however, once adopted, “ optional” issues have the
same force and effect as policies related to the
General Plan elements required by the State. These
“ optional” issues include:
· Public Services and Facilities: Incorporated
into the Loma Linda General Plan are policies
and programs that establish minimum levels of
service standards for circulation, drainage,
water and sewer facilities, parks and recreation
facilities, police and fire services and other
services and facilities. The General Plan also
identifies responsibilities to be placed on new
development, and indicates what the
consequences will be if such minimum
standards are not achieved.
· Economic Development: Included in a
separate element and throughout the General
Plan are strategies devoted to the promotion of
a healthy economic base within the City of
Loma Linda, including strategies to expand
retail sales tax generation within the City, as
well as expanding Loma Linda’s local
employment base.
· Community Design: Included as a separate
element are policies and programs
establishing guidance for more detailed design
guidelines for the community. The General
Plan provides the general parameters
necessary to maintain the City’s standards for
the built environment.
1.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF A GENERAL
PLAN
A General Plan has a number of characteristics that
distinguish it from other types of planning efforts.
These characteristics are:
· Visionary. A major function of the General Plan is
to anticipate the future, and to provide the means
for the City to create the future it desires.
· Long Range. Even though the future is not easy
to predict, a General Plan recognizes that effective
planning is based on a long- term view so that
trends can be anticipated and managed, and negative effects can be reduced.
State- Mandated General Plan Elements
The LAND USE ELEMENT designates the general
distribution of uses of land for housing, business,
industry, open space, education, public buildings
and grounds, waste disposal facilities, and other
categories of public and private uses. The Land
Use Element also sets forth standards for population
density and building intensity.
The CIRCULATION ELEMENT is correlated with the land
use element, and identifies the general location and
extent of existing and proposed major thorough-fares,
transportation routes, terminals, and other
local public utilities and facilities. Overall, the
objective of the Circulation Element is to promote the
movement of people and goods.
The HOUSING ELEMENT includes a comprehensive
assessment of current and projected housing needs
for all economic segments of the community. It
embodies policy for providing adequate housing for
all economic segments of the community, and
includes a five- year action program.
The CONSERVATION ELEMENT addresses the
conservation, management, and use of natural
resources, including water, soils, biological
habitats, and mineral deposits. Specific
requirements are set forth to ensure the
coordination of water resource planning and
future development.
The OPEN- SPACE ELEMENT details programs for
preserving open space for natural resource
protection, the managed production of resources,
outdoor recreation, and protection of public health
and safety.
The NOISE ELEMENT evaluates present and
projected noise levels within the community as a
guide for establishing a pattern of land uses in the
land use element that minimizes the exposure of
community residents to excessive noise.
The SAFETY ELEMENT establishes policies and
programs to protect the community from risk
associated with seismic, geologic, flood, and fire
hazards, including identification of hazards,
establishment of safety standards, and
delineation of evacuation routes.
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· Comprehensive. A General Plan reflects an effort to coordinate all of a community’s major
components. The relationship between the intensity of land use development and transport ation
needs is one obvious set of community components that must be coordinated. The General Plan
is also comprehensive in that it addresses and resolves both short- term and long- term issues.
· General. A General Plan is long- range and comprehensive and, therefore, necessarily broad in
scope. A general framework must be established as part of the plan, based on recognized
trends, best available projections, and community values regarding the future that is desired by
the community. Although the General Plan is a “ general” guide for decision making, it is the lead
legal document within a community for planning and development decisions. State law requires
that zoning and development approvals be consistent with the General Plan.
The Loma Linda General Plan also aims at achieving the following characteristics.
· Oriented to the Community. The Loma Linda General Plan is intended to be reflective of the
needs and desires of existing and future residents.
· Fiscally Responsible. The General Plan is intended to achieve and maintain economic strength
and vitality, and to provide plans and implementation programs that are within the City’s means.
· Pragmatic. The General Plan is based on a realistic assessment of community issues, along
with practical, workable programs to resolve those issues.
· Action- oriented. In addition to framing a vision for Loma Linda’s future, the General Plan works
to translate that vision into action, and thereby provide the means to achieve desired outcomes.
· Usable. The General Plan is intended to provide practical guidance for development review,
environmental management programs, economic expansion, and capital improvements planning.
Although the future cannot be known, the General Plan strives to be comprehensive and flexible
enough to accommodate unique situations and provide practical guidance in unanticipated
situations.
· Coordinated. In preparing the General Plan, the City of Loma Linda has attempted to coordinate
its plans and programs with those of the County, adjacent cities, and the special districts serving
Loma Linda.
· Reliable. Although the General Plan is, by definition, “ general,” the plan strives to provide
sufficient detail and explanation of its policies and programs so as to provide clear, consistent
policy direction, and to promote certainty for all participants in the development review process.
1.5 THE COMPREHENSIVE NATURE OF THE GENERAL PLAN
To be effective as a decision- making tool, the various elements of the Loma Linda General Plan must
integrate the management of the community’s future physical, social, environmental, and economic
environments.
1.5.1 Identification of Issues
The Updated General Plan not only addresses the issues that the State requires to be included in a
General Plan, but also responds to the current and future issues that Loma Linda faces. Key
community issues that the General Plan addresses include:
· Achieving and maintaining a vibrant community in which all residents enjoy a wide
range of employment, shopping, and recreational opportunities;
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· Achieving a closer balance between jobs and housing by providing areas for new
residential development that will serve local employees, including executive and upper-end
housing, as well as housing for workers, students, seniors, and young adults who
are starting their careers and forming families, and additionally establishing areas
permitting mixed uses, both residential and commercial;
· Providing opportunities to establish a community downtown area that could provide a
focal point for the community, and enhance the City’s identity;
· Improving the design quality of the community by establishing guidelines for community
development;
· Protecting the hillsides in accordance with the Hillside Initiative and managing growth in
the remaining hillside areas through development policies that focus on land stability,
roadways, public trails, earthquake fault zones, aesthetics, and public services; and
· Enhancing the City’s economic viability through an improved business climate in order
to attract retail businesses and proactively seeking office- based, and medically related
or high- tech industrial businesses.
1.5.2 Maintaining a Regional Context
It is important that the General Plan establish local policy while keeping in mind that Loma Linda is
part of a larger region. Certain issues addressed in the General Plan, such as freeway traffic and off-ramps,
flood control, and air quality, have a local component, but are more readily addressed on a
countywide or regional basis. In such cases, the task of the General Plan is to address the manner in
which Loma Linda’s interests, values, and concerns are congruent or conflict with existing regional
and countywide policies. If conflicts between local interests and countywide or regional plans or
policies are identified, the General Plan’s role is to define the extent to which the City can influence
such regional or countywide plans or policies, and to provide an appropriate City response. It is also
the purpose of the General Plan to provide a forum for addressing issues that cannot be solved by
the City alone, but that require cooperative actions among several jurisdictions. Finally, the General
Plan recognizes that actions taken by the City of Loma Linda may affect surrounding communities or
other agencies, and that actions taken by other agencies can affect the City. As a result, the General
Plan provides a forum for ongoing communications between the City and these other agencies, as
well as an opportunity for cooperative efforts to capitalize on economic development activities.
1.6 GENERAL PLAN CONSISTENCY
In addition to providing a comprehensive view of Loma Linda’s future, State law requires that the
General Plan be internally consistent. In order to function as a useful statement of local policy, the
various components of the General Plan need to “ comprise an integrated, internally consistent and
compatible statement of policies... 1“ If a General Plan does not achieve such internal consistency,
the City, development community, and citizens who attempt to use the plan will face conflicting
directives, and will be unable to rely on the stated policies of the General Plan, thereby defeating its
purpose. The concept of internal General Plan consistency revolves around the following issues:
· Equal Status Among General Plan Elements. All elements of a General Plan have
equal legal status, and no General Plan Element is permitted to take precedence over
1 Government Code Section 65300.5.
Loma Linda General Plan
Introduction
Chapter 1.0 Introduction 1- 15
any other. As a result, the General Plan must resolve potential conflicts between or
among the elements through clear language and consistent policy.
· Consistency Among Elements and Within Individual Elements. All General Plan
elements and portions of the plan must be consistent with each other. An individual
provision of the General Plan must not require or encourage an action to be taken that
is prohibited or discouraged by another General Plan provision. In addition, the
assumptions used in the General Plan must be uniform and consistently applied
throughout the document.
· General Plan Text, Diagram, and Map Consistency. Because General Plan text,
diagrams, and maps are each integral parts of the General Plan, they must be
consistent with one another. Thus, the diagrams and maps of the General Plan,
including the land use and circulation maps, are a graphic reflection of the General
Plan text, and must be consistent with written policies.
It is also important that all parties using the General Plan recognize that resources are not unlimited,
and that not all community objectives can be achieved concurrently. In addition, there are often
trade- offs between community objectives. As a result, the blind pursuit of one objective may, in some
cases, inhibit the achievement of other community objectives. Thus, the General Plan strikes a
balance between competing objectives, and provides statements of community priorities.
In addition to the need to balance competing objectives, it is inevitable that there will arise changing
conditions or other circumstances where policy direction is not certain, and interpretation of the
provisions of the General Plan is required. In such cases, the City entity charged with approval of a
discretionary action must make such an interpretation. In interpreting the provisions of the General
Plan, care must be taken to ensure a “ best fit” for the action to be taken, aimed toward the
achievement of General Plan goals and objectives, recognizing the city’s short- term and long- term
priorities.
1.7 GENERAL PLAN FORMAT
The General Plan includes the seven mandatory elements as described previously plus two other
elements that address local concerns. Table 1. A summarizes the required elements with those
contained in the General Plan.
Table 1. A: Organization of General Plan Elements and Required State Elements
General Plan Organization Element Required by State Law
Introduction
Land Use Land Use
Community Design
Economic Development
Housing Housing
Circulation and Transportation Circulation
Noise Noise
Public Services and Facilities
Conservation and Open Space Conservation and Open Space
Public Health and Safety Safety
Loma Linda General Plan
Introduction
Chapter 1.0 Introduction 1- 16
1.7.1 Guiding Policies and Implementing Policies
Each element in the General Plan provides a summary of existing conditions, a discussion of trends
and issues, followed by guiding and implementing policies. The guiding policies provide a broad
direction that the City proposes to achieve. The implementing policies provide actions, programs,
and specific techniques to achieve and implement the Guiding Policies. In all instances, the concepts
and principles of the Loma Linda Strategic Action Plan as developed in 2000 by the City of Loma
Linda Strategic Visioning Core Group and the citizen/ business owner contributions at the General
Plan workshops provide the foundation for the guiding and implementing policy statements.
Loma Linda General Plan
Land Use
Chapter 2.0 Land Use 2- 1
2.0 LAND USE
As required by State planning law, this Land Use Element designates the general distribution,
location, and extent of land uses for housing, business, industry, open space, institutions, city
facilities, and other categories of public and private uses of land. The emphasis of this Land Use
Element is on the desired or intended use of land in the community, including future development of
the City and its sphere of influence.
The Land Use Element includes a brief summary of existing types of land uses and contains a
summary table of existing land use acreages. Discussion regarding the intended uses and allowable
density within each land use category is a primary focus in this Land Use Element. The land use
category text is accompanied by the General Plan Land Use Map, which illustrates the intended
location and distribution of each of the land use categories.
A description of the general layout desired for each land use is provided in this Land Use Element;
however, more extensive descriptions of appropriate design and photo examples of various
commercial, office, business park, industrial, and pedestrian oriented development are contained
within the Community Design Element.
In addition to the land use category descriptions, which reflect the community’s policies regarding the
types of allowable uses, density, and character, specific enumerated policies are outlined. These
policy statements are organized into more general “ guiding policies” and specific “ implementing
policies” that are intended to facilitate achievement of the guiding policies. Through the
implementation of the Land Use Element, the city seeks to:
· Establish and maintain an orderly pattern of development in the city;
· Establish a land use classification system that implements land use policies;
· Identify acceptable land uses and their general location; and
· Establish standards for residential density and non- residential intensity for development.
This Land Use Element concludes with a table showing the estimated numbers for housing units,
population, and jobs at the future build out of the planning area, which includes the city and its sphere
of influence, according to the land uses and densities outlined in this Element.
Loma Linda General Plan
Land Use
Chapter 2.0 Land Use 2- 2
2.1 EXISTING LAND USE
The existing land uses within the city and its sphere of influence are shown in Table 2. A ( Planning
Area – Existing Land Uses). Residential land uses form the largest percentage of developed uses
( 24 percent). Of the residential uses, single family residential development occurs within 14 percent
of the planning area. These single family uses are generally located in two areas: ( 1) the northern
portion of the city just south of Redlands Boulevard, and ( 2) south of Barton Road along the base of
the South Hills. Other types of residential uses within the planning area include rural residential
( typically adjacent to orange groves or within the hillside), multifamily residential, and mobile homes.
Commercial uses make up a small percentage of the land use within Loma Linda, comprising about 3
percent of the city and its sphere of influence. Commercial uses consist of both general commercial
and office commercial types of land use. Large commercial or office uses within the city include the
auto dealerships south of the Interstate 10 freeway, the offices within the Corporate Business Center,
and the Stater Bros. market.
Land uses that are categorized as Institutional make up 9 percent of the planning area. These uses
include medical uses, university uses, schools, churches, public facilities, utilities, and utilities
combined with agricultural uses. Of these sub- categories, utilities, university uses, and medical uses
are the most well represented Institutional uses within the planning area. Loma Linda University
( LLU) and the Loma Linda University Medical Center and Children’s Hospital ( LLUMC/ CH) are
significant institutional uses within the city.
Heavy and light industrial uses characterize approximately 31 acres or 0.5 percent of the planning
area. Industrial uses include self- storage facilities and the Hallmark- Southwest Corporation, located
on Redlands Boulevard, which manufacturers mobile homes.
Land devoted to open space, agricultural use, recreational use, or vacant land that is not developed
totals approximately 3,867 acres or 63 percent of the planning area. These areas include the hills
located to the south and the remaining orange groves within the city and the sphere of influence.
Table 2. A: Planning Area – Existing Land Uses
Land Use
Acres in
City
Acres in
Sphere of
Influence
Total
Acres
Percent of
Planning Area
( including City
and Sphere of
Influence)
Residential
Single Family Residential ( SFR) 846.15 35.62 881.77 14.5%
Mobile Homes ( MH) 59.66 0 59.66 1.0%
Multifamily Residential ( MFR) 255.66 0 255.66 4.2%
Rural Residential ( RR) 149.46 129.12 278.58 4.6%
Subtotal 1310.93 164.74 1475.67 24.2%
Loma Linda General Plan
Land Use
Chapter 2.0 Land Use 2- 3
Table 2. A: Planning Area – Existing Land Uses
Land Use
Acres in
City
Acres in
Sphere of
Influence
Total
Acres
Percent of
Planning Area
( including City
and Sphere of
Influence)
Commercial
General Commercial ( CG) 149.08 1.37 150.45 2.5%
Office Commercial ( CO) 19.92 0 19.92 0.3%
Subtotal 169.00 1.37 170.37 2.8%
Institutional
Medical ( M) 103.85 0 103.85 1.7%
University ( Un) 111.65 0 111.65 1.8%
Schools ( S) 58.11 0 58.11 1.0%
Churches ( C) 11.05 4.64 15.69 0.3%
Public Facilities ( PF) 43.75 0 43.75 0.7%
Utilities ( U) 120.55 83.90 204.45 3.4%
Utilities Agriculture ( UA) 11.98 0 11.98 0.2%
Subtotal 460.94 88.54 549.48 9.0%
Industrial
Heavy and Light Industrial ( H- L/ I) 28.45 3.06 31.51 0.5%
Subtotal 28.45 3.06 31.51 0.5%
Open Space
Open Space ( OS) 1486.60 1063.03 2549.63 41.8%
Vacant ( V) 329.54 34.99 364.53 6.0%
Agriculture ( AG) 386.03 503.24 889.27 14.6%
Recreation ( R) 63.08 0 63.08 1.0%
Subtotal 2265.25 1601.26 3866.51 63.5%
TOTAL 4234.56 1858.97 6093.53 100.0%
Loma Linda General Plan
Land Use
Chapter 2.0 Land Use 2- 4
2.2 GENERAL PLAN LAND USE CATEGORIES
This section describes the intended land use for the city and its sphere of influence, according to
each land use category. The General Plan Land Use Map ( Figure 2.1) illustrates the location and
distribution of the uses that will be discussed. The general types of desired land uses are given for
each category, along with the maximum building density allowed.
The following summary of general land use goals forms the basis for the specific land use policies
contained within this Element:
· Increase the diversity and volume of land uses to help create an economically, socially,
and culturally vital community.
· Achieve adequate levels of employment opportunities, tax- generating uses, shopping and
service uses, leisure activities, and residential opportunities to enhance and preserve the
desired character of the city; provide for the everyday needs of its residents, workers, and
visitors; and ensure and increase the quality of life within the Loma Linda community.
· Maintain a pattern of land uses that minimizes conflicts between differing land uses and
that designates land based on conditions such as location, adjacent uses, access, and
natural terrain.
The description and discussion of desired land use and the distribution of land uses as shown in the
Land Use Map inherently reflect the community’s policy preferences for addressing these land use
issues. In conjunction, specific “ guiding policies” and “ implementing policies” are presented after
each land use category. The former provide direction for decisions and actions, while the latter
indicate detailed steps that should be taken in order to strive to meet the specified desires.
In designating land uses, this General Plan takes into account the existing land use patterns within
the community and the market demand for various types of land uses. Also considered are which
locations of vacant or underdeveloped lands are best for which types of land use and what
infrastructure ( such as roads) will be required to serve such lands uses. The General Plan provides
opportunities, but does not cause development to happen. The General Plan recognizes that,
ultimately, growth and development depend on the initiative of individual developers.
The overall pattern of land use desired for Loma Linda is to focus commercial uses in the northern
portion of the community near I- 10. Institutional uses are to be located in proximity to such existing
uses, such as Loma Linda University ( LLU) and Loma Linda Academy. Areas designated for health
care uses are also located near to existing similar uses such as Loma Linda University Medical
Center ( LLUMC), the Jerry L. Pettis VA Medical Center, and the Community Medical Center. Areas
for business park uses are designated both at the northern and eastern edges of the community,
while industrial uses will largely be located in the eastern portion of the community, and separated
from residential neighborhoods. Residential uses are intended to characterize the central portion of
the community ( roughly south of Redlands Boulevard), the base of the South Hills, and the flatter
areas within the hillsides. A number of mixed- use- designated areas, especially in the eastern portion
of the community, allows for a variety of different types of uses ( e. g., commercial, office, institutional,
and/ or residential) to be located next to each other or within the same building.
Following are the types of land uses allowed within Loma Linda, descriptions of the desired character
for such uses, and the relative guiding policies and implementing policies.
S T
E
C T
E
C T
S T
C O U L S T O N
B A R R N
W Y
C O R A L
L I L A C
L A F A Y E T T E
P L
R E S E
B R Y N
E L E E
J A S M I N
A M B R O S I A
C O L O M A
T R E E
S T
P L
R A I N T R E E
L N
S
T R E E
E
M O U N T A
E L M
S T
S T
D R
T R E E
S Y C A M O R E L N
P L
L A U R E L W O O D D R
S
S
H O S P I T A L I T Y
E
A P P L E
B A R R I N G T O N
P E P P E R
S
S
H A R R I M A N
O R C H A R D
E D R R O S E W O O D D R
L N P L
D R
C E N T E R
B U S I N E S S
D R
S T
S
T U D O R
F R W Y
A V
C T
S T
S
D R
S E V E R N
S T
S P A D E
C A R D I G A N
S T
D R
P L
C I R
S N O W D E N
S T
A V
R I C H A R D S O N
S T
M A W R
C U R T I S
B R Y N
S T
C O R P O R A T E
C O M M E R C E
E N T E R P R I S E
I N D U S T R I A L
R H O N D A
T A F T
S T
R A N C H O
S T
S T C O U R T
S T
C A R O L I N E
S T
D R
D R
S T
L O M A S
A V
V E R D E S S T
P A R K A V
S T
C O L O M A
O H I O
S T
S T
L I N D
S T
S T
S T
S T
A M I G O S
A M A P O L A S
E L M
M E A D
P O P L A R
A C A D E M Y S T
A R T E S I A
A V
S T
M E A D
S
S
S T
S T
M Y R T L E
O A K
A M A P O L A S
L I L A C
S T
J A S M I N E
S H E D D E N
C U R T I S
A V
S T A T E S T
S T A T E S T
I N D U S T R I A L
N E V A D A
S T
L A N E
S T E E L E
A N D E R S O N
S T
R D
W Y
S T
V A N L E U V E N
S T
B E N T O N
P E P P E R
V A N L E U V E N
L O R O
V E R D E
S T
E C O M M E R C I A L R D C I T R U S A V
C A N A L
S T
R D
S
S T
L N
R D
M E L I S S A
E W I E R
S T E E L E
R D
S
E V A N S
S T E W A R T
D R
S T
T U N G S T E N
A N D R E W L N
W Y
P L C A R L
M I S S I O N
M O L L Y
J U A N I T A
W A T E R M A N
S T
F L I N T
S T
S
S T
S T
S T
C O P P E R
C O L E S T
S
J U A N I T A
S T
S
S H E P A R D S O N
C T
S T
D R
C T
D R
B A R T O N K I M B E R L Y
A V
E V A N S
J U A N
R D
S T
O R A N G E
R O S A R I T A
P L
W I L L I S
C T
D R
J U A N I T A
M A R C O S S A N
S T
S T
M O U N D
M A T E O
R D
T A Y L O R
S A N
A N I T A
S T
D R S T
P O P L A R
A D E L L A
D R
S A N
S T
Y A R D L E Y
R I C H M O N T
S A N
P R O S P E C T P R O S P E C T
A V
S T
P R O S P E C T A V
D R
T A Y L O R
L U C A S
A V
D R
M A T E O
S A N
S T
S T A R R S T
S A N J U A N
E X E T E R
N E V A D A
D R
B E N T O N
S T
C A M P U S
B E L L A I R E
O A K W O O D
S T
M A Y B E R R Y
R R U P
S A N
M A Y B E R R Y
L O M A
S T
D A I S Y
A V
A V D A I S Y
S T
I R I S
S T
C A M P U S
M A I N
D R
J U A N
F E R N A V
1 S T
D R
S T
S T
L A D E R A S T
T U L I P
N E W P O R T
V I S T A
1 S T W O R K M A N
T U L I P A V A V
S T
A V
V I A P L
N O R T E
D R
O R O
A S P E N
A V
D R
W A L L A C K
A V
S T
L N
H A V S T A D
S T
C A P R I
S A I N T
P L
S T
S T
C T
R I O
S T
C A M B R I A
L I D O
R D
A V
S T
D A V I D
M E R R I L
B A N G O R
A N D E R S O N
V I A
L N
A V
L A W T O N
L A W T O N
G R O V E
V I A
A S T E R
V I A
L A W T O N
L A G O S
A V
C A R D I F F
L I N D A
A V P L
S T
V I A
R A Y
S T
V I A
S T
G O W E R
C T
S T
M A N D A R I N B I R C H
R D
C T
T A M A - S T
S T G A R D N E R A V
L N
S T
R A C K
M A R I P O S A
S T
N I C K S
S T
O R A N G E
S T
A C A C I A
S T
B U T T E R F I E L D
S T
G W E N T
W Y
H U R O N
A V
P E M B R O K E
M I L F O R D
A B E R D A R E
H A V E N
C H A P M A N
H I N C K L E Y
A V
S T
H I L L C R E S T
P O P L A R
P I C T O N
R I C H M O N T
L O M A
S T
W Y
O R A N G E C R E S T
L A W T O N
A V
W I N D S O R D R
D R
P L
H U D S O N
C T
C R E S T V I E W
C R E S T V I E W
R E Y N O L D S
S T
C I E L O
W Y
W E L E B I R
H U R O N
D R
L N
M U R P H Y
C T
C E D A R
S T S T
L A R G O
C R E S T -
S T
C A M E L O T R E Y N O L D S S T D A V I S
D R
L O Z A N O
H A V E N C T A V
R I D G E
R D
E M E R A L D
W Y
N O R M A N D Y
G E O R G E
C Y P R E S S S T K E L L O G G
S T
B R E N T W O O D
T A R A
A V
C T
C T
V I E W
M A W R
G E O R G E S T
N E L S O N
W I L E Y
S T
A L M O N D
E
M A R G A R I T A
S T
C A R R O L
P E C A N
R I C H A R D S O N
S T
C T
L N
P L
B A N C R O F T S T
A N T O N I O
C I R
E M M E R S O N W Y
M A R T I N
R I D G E
D R
C A N Y O N
R D
B R O O K M E R E
S T
A V S T
E S P E R A N Z A
A L L E N
B R Y N
L A N D S D O W N
P L
S
H T S
A N D R E W S
C R O W N E
D R
C I R
M E S A
A N T O N I O
D R
V I S T A
K N I G H T S B R I D G E
V I C T O R I A L N
L N
N E V A D A
W E S T M I N S T E R
S A I N T
W H I T T I E R
C A N Y O N
D R
L N
S
C H A S E
U P
R R
F R O N T A G E
D R
L N P A R V I N E
M A R L O W E
W Y
A L M O N D
C A N Y O N
D R
R A N C H
R D
P A L O M A R E S
D R
S T J E R S E Y N E W
C T
C A R D I N A L
C T
C T
H U M M I N G B I R D
T A N A G E R
P O P P Y
W E L L E S L E Y
C T
C A L D Y A V
A V M A P L E
C O R N E L L S T
L A U R E L
A V
S T
M I R A M O N T E S T
C H U L A V I S T A S T
V E R D E S L O M A S S T
C A L I F O R N I A S T
R D
M O U N T A I N V I E W A V
R E D L A N D S B L V D
B A R T O N R D
R E C H E
U N I V E R S I T Y
S A N T I M O T E O C A N Y O N R D
B E A U M O N T
A V
R O S E W O O D
T I P P E C A N O E A V E
B A R T O N R D
M O U N T A I N V I E W A V
G A G E   C A N A L
M O R R E Y   A R R O Y O
R E C H E   C A N Y O N
S A N   T I M O T E O   C R E E K
M I S S I O N   C H A N N E L
Z A N J A   C R E E K
S A N   T I M O T E O   C R E E K
C
C F
C F
E
R
R
R
N o r t h e r n   B o u n d a r y   o f   t h e   S a n   J a c i n t o   F a u l t   Z o n e
C
! " ` $
W a t e r   W a y s
  S p h e r e   o f   I n f l u e n c e
C i t y   L i m i t
R a i l   R o a d
P r o p o s e d   S t r e e t   A l i g n m e n t s
0 2 0 0 0
F E E T
P R O P O S E D
  G E N E R A L   P L A N   L A N D   U S E
F i g u r e   2 . 1
C i t y   o f   L o m a   L i n d a
G e n e r a l   P l a n  
J u r i s d i c t i n a l   a n d   I n f r a s t r u c t u r e
B u s i n e s s   P a r k
C o m m e r c i a l
C i t y   F a c i l i t i e s
W e s t   H i l s   ( . 1   t o   2   d u / a c )
H i g h   D e n s i t y   R e s i d e n t i a l   ( 1 3 . 1   t o   2 0   d u / a c )
I n d u s t r i a l
I n s t i t u t i o n a l
L o w   D e n s i t y   R e s i d e n t i a l   ( 2 . 1   t o   5   d u / a c )
H e a l t h   C a r e
M e d i u m   D e n s i t y   R e s i d e n t i a l   ( 5 . 1   t o   9   d u / a c )
M e d i u m   H i g h   D e n s i t y   R e s i d e n t i a l   ( 9 . 1   t o   1 3   d u / a c )
M i x e d   U s e
O f f i c e
P u b l i c   O p e n   S p a c e
E a s t   H i l s   ( . 1   t o   1   d u / a c )
H i l s i d e   C o n s e r v a t i o n   I n i t i t a t i v e   A r e a   ( 1   d u / 5   a c )
G e n e r a l   P l a n   L a n d   U s e
E           E l e m e n t a r y   S c h o o l
R           R i d i n g   &   H i k i n g   T r a i l s
C           C o m m u n i t y   P a r k
C F       C o m m u n i t y   F a c i l i t i e s  
P u b l i c / Q u a s i   P u b l i c
S a n   J a c i n t o   F a u l t
r : \ l l d 1 3 0 \ g i s \ p l a n m a p s \ l l d 1 3 0 - p r j - g p l u . a p r   F i g u r e   2 . 1   ( 5 / 1 9 / 0 3 )
Loma Linda General Plan
Land Use
Chapter 2.0 Land Use 2- 6
2.2.1 Residential Land Use Designations
Residential land use designations within the city and its sphere of influence are divided into seven
categories, each with their own density ranges: Hillside Conservation Area, East Hills, West Hills, Low
Density, Medium Density, Medium High Density, and High Density. Residential development is also
permitted within the Mixed Use land use designation.
Residential densities within residential land use designations are stated as a maximum density per
acre. Achievement of this maximum is neither guaranteed nor implied by this General Plan. The final
density of any particular residential development is dependent upon development design; any
physical, geological, or environmental constraints that might be present within the site or surrounding
area; available infrastructure and services; and other factors. Development standards established in
the Loma Linda zoning ordinance may also limit attainment of maximum allowable densities.
Within all residential designations, the following non- residential uses are allowed in order to provide
functional, high- quality residential areas: infrastructure and utilities needed to serve the residential
development; public schools and playgrounds; and parks and other passive open space areas.
Home occupations and second dwelling units may be permitted according to the zoning ordinance.
Provision of density bonuses as allowed by State law and the Loma Linda zoning ordinance may
result in development densities in excess of the nominal General Plan maximum density for any land
use designation.
The following subsections discuss the intended development types and allowable densities for each
of the residential land use categories.
2.2.1.1 Hillside Conservation Area ( 1 dwelling unit per 10 acres, subject to an
additional 1 dwelling unit per 5 acres if special criteria are met)
This category is intended to maintain the character of the hillsides that are located within this
designation, which forms a diagonal strip running northwest to southeast through the central portion
of the South Hills. A citizen’s initiative designated a Hillside Conservation Area in 1993 to preserve
and protect the natural, scenic, and other amenities of this sensitive area. The City increased the
boundaries of the Hillside Conservation Area beyond that of the original citizen’s initiative to include
the existing single family residential areas at the base of the hills. Limiting of density in this area is
necessary to minimize costs to taxpayers for extensions of services and to minimize the risks of fire,
flood, erosion, earthquake, and other hazards that are normally attendant upon higher density
development of difficult hillside terrain. The allowed density within the Hillside Conservation Area and
the provisions of the initiative, which have been codified into the Loma Linda Municipal Code, can
only be amended or repealed by a majority vote of the Loma Linda voters.
Limited, rural style residential development that is sensitively planned is allowed, 1 along with
compatible recreation uses that can fit into the area’s natural terrain2. The only type of residence
allowed within this category is single- family dwellings. The allowable density for this category is one
dwelling unit per ten acres. However, an increase in density of one dwelling unit per five acres is
permitted if the following special criteria are met, which serve to control the impacts from
development of the hillsides:
1 Second dwelling units may be permitted pursuant to the provisions of the zoning ordinance,
provided that the maximum allowable General Plan density is not exceeded.
2 Golf courses and ancillary facilities are included as compatible recreational uses.
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Residences in the hills of Loma Linda
1) The residential development is clustered onto the flatter, less visible and environmentally
sensitive portions of the site. Clustered developments may have lot sizes as small as 2.5
acres, provided that the maximum allowable General Plan density is not exceeded3;
2) The City determines that, to the maximum extent feasible, all development, including roads
and utility extensions, is kept off of the north facing slopes of the hillsides that comprise the
prime view from the downtown area of Loma Linda near the Campus Plaza.
3) The need for extensions of streets and other utilities and services is minimized;
4) Significant natural areas, view areas, and habitats are preserved and set aside as
permanent open space and/ or conservation areas; and
5) Provision is made for riding and hiking trails as called for by applicable City plans.
The maximum anticipated population for this designation is less than one person per acre.
2.2.1.2 East Hills ( up to 1 dwelling unit per acre overall)
This category allows single- family dwellings within the applicable hillside designation in a semi- rural
development style. Development ( including infrastructure) should avoid the primary ridgelines 4,
slopes over 30 percent ( as measured using “ actual”
slope as opposed to “ average” slope), and canyon
bottoms5. Clustering of units, for example within
flatter areas, should be allowed as long as the
character of such clusters remains semi- rural by
maintaining a minimum lot size of one acre. The
anticipated density for this category ranges is one
dwelling unit per acre averaged over the entire East
Hills area. Development within this category may
occur at a density of up to 4.0 dwelling units per care
for lands with slopes less than 30 percent and one
dwelling unit per five acres for lands with slopes
greater than 30 percent. The maximum anticipated
population for this designation is less than three
persons per acre.
2.2.1.3 West Hills ( 0.1 to 2 dwelling units per acre)
The General Plan intends this area be a high- end, recreation- oriented planned community that is
focused around a golf course resort. The character of this area should be defined principally by
suburban density residential development, commercial development that relates to the golf resort,
active and passive open spaces that are clustered within the flatter lands, and support services. The
steeper natural hillsides ( above 30% actual slope), primary ridgelines and canyon bottoms containing
riparian resources are to be preserved as undisturbed open space.
Residential development, including large lot, single- family detached, and multifamily attached
residential, is intended to be developed in a resort- style setting centered around a golf course and
3 For example, an 80- acre site might be clustered with eight, 2.5- acre lots covering 20 acres, with the
remaining 60 acres preserved in permanent open space.
4 As defined in the Implementing Policies.
5 As defined in the Implementing Policies.
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hotel complex ( up to two hotel facilities with a maximum of 450 rooms total) with ancillary uses such
as restaurants, meeting facilities, and convenience commercial to serve the local residential and
resort needs ( e. g., drug store, personal services) ( up to 40,000 square feet) may be permitted. The
multifamily housing is intended to be located adjacent to the convenience commercial uses, or along
the golf course, and is intended to also be developed with a high- end character.
The development pattern is intended to be similar to typical suburban development, including streets
with standard improvements such as curbs and gutters. The allowable density for this category
ranges from 0.1 to two dwelling units per acre. The anticipated population for this designation is five
persons per acre.
2.2.1.4 Low Density Residential ( 2.1 to 5 dwelling units per acre)
This category is intended to provide for traditional single- family subdivisions within the city and sphere
of influence. The allowable density for this category ranges from 2.1 to five dwelling units per acre.
The maximum anticipated population for this designation is 12 persons per acre.
2.2.1.5 Medium Density Residential ( 5.1 to 9 dwelling units per acre)
This category allows for single- family residential, including dwellings on conventional lots, “ zero
setback” lots ( in which the dwelling is placed on a side property line instead of being set back as
conventional), “ z- lots” ( in which a side lot line is offset in the form of a “ z” in order to allow for greater
options in dwelling placement, instead of forming a straight line), and clustered lots. Also allowed are
duplexes, townhouses, and condominium types of development. It is intended that as the aging
mobile home developments within the community need to be replaced, they are re- built with one of
the above development types, so as to combine lower- cost housing with newer market trends for
single- family development types ( such as those allowing for landscaped open space and other
amenities) to improve the quality of the living environment for residents. The allowable density for
this category ranges from 5.1 to nine dwelling units per acre. The maximum anticipated population
for this designation is less than 22 persons per acre.
2.2.1.6 Medium High Density Residential ( 9.1 to 13 dwelling units per acre)
The allowable uses in this category consist of multifamily uses consisting of townhouse,
condominium, and low- rise apartment style development. The allowable density for this category
ranges from 9.1 to 13 dwelling units per acre. The maximum anticipated population for this
designation is less than 34 persons per acre.
2.2.1.7 High Density Residential ( 13.1 to 20 dwelling units per acre)
This category is intended for multifamily uses consisting of low- rise ( one to three stories)
condominium and apartment style development. The allowable density for this use ranges from 13.1
to 20 dwelling units per acre. The maximum anticipated population for this designation is 52 persons
per acre.
2.2.2 Policies for Residential Land Use
Following are the policies applicable to residential land uses, separated into general residential
policies and hillside residential policies.
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2.2.2.1 Guiding Policy for Residential Land Use
Ensure quality single- family and multifamily residential development in order to create and preserve
residential neighborhoods that embody the strengths and accomplishments of the community and to
preserve the economic investment of new and existing individual property owners.
Implementing Policies
a. Encourage a mixture of dwelling sizes, layouts, and ownership types ( consistent with the
corresponding land use designation and density range), especially within large- scale residential
development projects, in order to provide housing opportunities for a range of incomes and
households.
b. Residential neighborhoods should exhibit a complementary variety of dwelling setbacks and
placement on the lot, and lot patterns that reflect the existing topography.
c. Where residential infill development is proposed, ensure that the density is compatible with the
existing residential neighborhood.
d. Provide every multifamily dwelling unit with a usable private garden area, yard, patio, or
balcony.
e. Require that new residential development provide for construction of infrastructure and
provision of open space and/ or construction of recreational facilities in order to reduce the
public cost associated with such uses.
f. Allow gated communities as long as infrastructure is built to typical City standards.
2.2.2.2 Guiding Policy for Hillside Residential
In the Hillside Conservation Area, East Hills, and West Hills, permit only development that is
sensitively placed so that the natural character and habitat resources of the hills are preserved to the
greatest extent feasible.
Implementing Policies
a. Designate and map “ primary ridgelines” as the area within 50 vertical feet of the highest point of
a ridgeline that forms a backdrop against the sky when viewed from the downtown area of
Loma Linda near the Campus Plaza. Designate and map “ canyon bottoms” as the land
occurring within 50 feet of either side of a line referred to as a “ blue line stream” as designated
on a U. S. Geological Survey ( USGS) map.
b. Within the Hillside Conservation Area designation, avoid siting development ( including
infrastructure) on primary ridgelines and canyon bottoms whenever feasible.
c. Within the East Hills designation, avoid siting development ( including infrastructure) on primary
ridgelines, slopes over 30 percent ( as measured using “ actual” slope as opposed to “ average”
slope), and canyon bottoms.
d. Within the West Hills designation, avoid siting development on the steeper natural hillsides
( above 30% actual slope), primary ridgelines, and canyon bottoms containing riparian
resources. These areas are to be preserved as undisturbed open space.
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Auto sales are considered a commercial use
e. Site dwellings and other structures to best fit with the hillside’s contours, to correlate with the
form of the terrain, and to limit visibility of the structure from the Loma Linda valley floor to the
greatest extent feasible.
f. When clustered development is used, site the development in order to avoid creating a
dominant presence in the hillsides, and preserve the undeveloped portion of the land as open
space in perpetuity.
g. Ensure ongoing maintenance of manufactured slopes in order to protect public health and
safety.
h. Site new development so as to maximize the permanent preservation of open space and to
minimize the loss of habitat, wildlife, and watershed resources.
i. Use alternative infrastructure ( e. g., septic systems) in areas where municipal systems cannot
feasibly be extended. The cost of either alternative infrastructure or the extension of municipal
systems shall be the responsibility of the developer.
2.2.3 Employment Generating Land Use Designations
The General Plan identifies five employment- generating types of land use that provide a broad range
of employment opportunities for the community: commercial, office, business park, health care, and
industrial. Permitted maximum land use intensities are given for each designation. These maximum
intensities are stated as maximum floor area ratios ( FAR). Floor area ratio is determined by dividing
the total proposed building area ( square feet) of a
development project by the square footage of the
development site prior to any new dedication
requirements. Achievement of this maximum is
neither guaranteed nor implied by this General Plan.
The final density achieved by any particular
development is dependent upon the development
design/ layout; any physical, geological, or environ-mental
constraints that might be present within the
site; available infrastructure and services; and other
factors. Development standards established in the
Loma Linda Municipal Code may also limit attainment
of the stated maximum allowable densities.
2.2.3.1 Commercial Land Use ( Maximum 0.5
FAR)
The intent of the commercial designation is to provide
for the shopping and commercial service needs of the
residential community, the workers who are employed
within Loma Linda, and those who visit the city, such
as to receive health care. Examples of the intended
nature of development within the commercial
category include shopping centers, in- line shops,
specialty shops, and stand- alone commercial uses.
The Commercial land use designation also allows office uses and religious assembly uses to be
incorporated into commercial development ( e. g., offices in small storefronts, a cluster of office suites
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The Veterans Medical Center provides health care to the
community and region
within a larger shopping center, or religious assembly uses in buildings originally designed for
commercial uses) if the dominant character of the overall development remains commercial. The
maximum allowable density for the Commercial designation is 0.5 FAR ( Floor Area Ratio).
( See also the text descriptions, policies, and photo examples of appropriate commercial design for
Loma Linda, which are contained in the Community Design Element of this General Plan. The
Community Design Element addresses a variety of commercial types of development, including auto-oriented
commercial, “ big box” development, hospitality development ( e. g., hotels and extended- stay
suites), and “ convenience” development ( e. g., car washes, service stations).)
2.2.3.2 Office ( Maximum 0.5 FAR)
This land use category provides primarily for professional or medical office uses, but also allows for
commercial uses that support the office uses or office workers ( e. g., office supply stores, copy
services, pharmacies, day care, restaurants, dry cleaners, sundry stores, etc.). Buildings may range
from low to high- rise ( one to five stories). ( This designation is distinct from the Business Park
category, since the latter may include a mix of office and light industrial uses.) The maximum
allowable density for the Office designation is 0.5 FAR ( Floor Area Ratio).
( See also the text descriptions, policies, and photo examples of appropriate Auto Oriented
Commercial and Small Office Development design for Loma Linda, which are contained in the
Community Design Element of this General Plan.)
2.2.3.3 Business Park ( Maximum 0.5 FAR)
The Business Park designation allows for professional offices, research and development activities,
and light industrial uses in low to high- rise developments ( one to five stories). Limited retail or service
uses designed to meet the business needs of offices or the personal needs of office workers are also
permitted. Buildings may be stand- alone or be a series of buildings that are coordinated in terms of
site layout, architectural design, and landscaping to form a “ campus”. The maximum allowable
density for the Business Park designation is 0.5 FAR ( Floor Area Ratio).
The community seeks to expand these types of uses by attracting firms that are related to the medical
technology field or that would benefit from the medical advances of LLUMC/ CH and the VA Medical
Center. The Loma Linda community would also be a good location for the corporate headquarters of
firms that are related to physical, mental, and spiritual health products or services, since the location
of a firm’s headquarters can be important to
company image and marketing.
( See also the text descriptions, policies, and
photo examples of appropriate Business Park/
Research and Development design for Loma
Linda, which are contained in the Community
Design Element of this General Plan.)
2.2.3.4 Health Care ( Maximum 1.0 FAR)
The Health Care designation is intended for
hospitals, medical clinics, medical research
facilities, rehabilitation centers, and residential
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facilities that provide a high degree of medical care and supervision. The maximum allowable density
for the Health Care designation is 1.0 FAR ( Floor Area Ratio).
( See also the text descriptions, policies, and photos addressing appropriate design of health care
uses for the Loma Linda community ( depending on the type of health care use) contained in the
Community Design Element of this General Plan. For hospitals and similar large- scale medical
facilities, see the text descriptions, policies, and photo examples of appropriate Large Office/ Business
Park design. For small medical office uses, see the text, policies, and photos addressing small office
use. For residential facilities providing a high level of health care see the text, policies, and photos
addressing hospitality use.)
2.2.3.5 Industrial ( Maximum 0.6 FAR)
The Industrial land use category is intended for light industrial uses such as manufacturing, assembly,
warehousing, and distribution that have limited or no impact on or resulting from the following: air
quality, electrical or electronic interference, hazardous materials, light and glare, liquid and solid
wastes, noise, odors, ground vibration, or water quality. Warehousing and distribution uses should be
limited to those uses that generate a relatively low number of vehicle trips in order to prevent impacts
on traffic congestion from vehicular transportation of goods. Office use that is ancillary to the main
industrial use is also allowed. All activities associated with industrial uses must be located within a
fully enclosed building, or beneath a covered, semi- enclosed structure ( see Industrial section within
Community Design Element). The maximum allowable density for the Industrial designation is 0.5
FAR ( Floor Area Ratio).
( See also the text descriptions, policies, and photo examples of appropriate Industrial design for
Loma Linda, which are contained in the Community Design Element of this General Plan.)
2.2.4 Policies for Employment Generating Land Use
Following are policies regarding commercial, office, business park, health care, and industrial land
uses.
2.2.4.1 Commercial/ Office Guiding Policy
Attract new, and maintain existing, commercial and office uses to better serve the retail and service
needs of the community, to keep the sales tax revenues from purchases by the Loma Linda
community from going elsewhere, to reduce the length of trips necessary to meet retail and service
needs, and to expand employment opportunities within the community.
Commercial/ Office Implementing Policies
a. Encourage commercial uses that are currently underrepresented within Loma Linda ( e. g.,
membership bulk- merchandise stores, home improvement warehouses, discount general
merchandisers, electronics, pet supplies, office supplies, sporting goods, linens, furniture,
books, toys, family clothing, baby and children’s clothing, discount designer clothing, etc.).
b. Encourage pedestrian- oriented development and small- scale development that feature
specialty stores and boutiques to create vibrant areas for people to gather and socialize and to
better serve the community by providing a greater range of commercial uses ( e. g., sit- down
restaurants, upscale apparel, stores related to hobbies or collectibles, gifts, etc.).
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c. Encourage a greater variety of service commercial uses to better serve the community ( e. g.,
hotels and extended- stay suites that include special event facilities to hold conventions,
corporate events, weddings, etc., car wash/ detailing facilities, service stations, etc.).
d. Encourage more commercial leisure activities ( e. g., family- oriented commercial recreation
facilities, kids’ entertainment restaurants, day spas, sit- down restaurants that not only provide
food but are oriented around family gatherings and appreciation of nature through their
settings).
e. Provide for retail and service uses that focus on physical, mental, and/ or spiritual well being.
By seeking out these uses, the community could attract businesses and services that want
health- oriented customers ( which the community of Loma Linda provides) and at the same time
the community would receive a greater variety of wellness- oriented uses that it needs and
values.
f. Place commercial and office development so that it has a strong relationship with the street,
such as by siting the buildings so that they are close to the street, or for buildings that need to
be set back from the street with a large parking lot, locate pad buildings along the street to
maintain an attractive street edge and visually buffer the parking lot.
g. Ensure that new commercial/ office developments are designed to provide for reciprocal access,
where feasible, along commercial corridors to minimize the number of driveway entries
necessary, limit the need to use the street to gain access to nearby uses, and provide a unified
street edge.
2.2.4.2 Business Park Guiding Policy
Develop attractive business park uses to expand the employment opportunities within the community
and help build the diversity of uses required to create an economically, socially, and culturally vital
community.
Business Park Implementing Policies
a. Create a cohesive visual character within all business parks ( i. e., through complementary
architecture, landscaping, signage, etc.).
b. Provide abundant landscaping to create a high caliber, professional character in all business
parks.
c. Require the provision of outdoor amenities ( e. g., plazas, outside seating, fountains, public art)
to enhance the working environment.
d. Provide a network of public pathways around the perimeter and between buildings to enhance
the connectivity within each business park.
2.2.4.3 Health Care Guiding Policy
Promote health care facilities that are conveniently located and well designed to aid patients and to
make a positive visual contribution to the community in general.
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Institutional uses include Loma Linda University
Health Care Implementing Policies
a. Encourage LLU in the implementation of its master plan process for its diverse health care
facilities and future facilities to ensure consistency with the General Plan, zoning, and other City
requirements.
b. Encourage associated health care facilities and services to locate within close proximity of each
other and require pedestrian connections ( and bicycle paths, where appropriate) between such
uses in order to limit necessary vehicle trips for patients, visitors, health care workers, and
health care students.
c. Ensure that health care uses are designed so that site layout, architectural elements, and
signage clearly direct visitors to parking areas, appropriate buildings, and building entries.
Encourage health care uses to employ similar clarity of design and signage on the interior of
buildings to ease visitors’ stress through a well- designed wayfinding approach.
2.2.4.4 Industrial Guiding Policy
Ensure that new industrial development will not impact nearby residential uses and other sensitive
uses.
Industrial Implementing Policies
a. Require all industrial uses to be adequately screened to redu